Travel Vaccines and Advice for Cote d’Ivoire

• Typhoid – Typhoid, a potentially life-threatening illness caused by Salmonella Typhi, spreads through contaminated food and water in areas with poor sanitation. To prevent it, practice good hygiene and safe food and water precautions.
• Hepatitis A – Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus. It’s typically spread through contaminated food or water. The hepatitis A vaccine is a safe and effective immunization that protects against the virus, usually given in two shots for long-term prevention.
• Yellow Fever – Yellow fever is a serious viral disease transmitted by infected mosquitoes, characterized by fever, jaundice, and bleeding. The yellow fever vaccine, given as a single injection, provides effective, long-term immunity against the virus. It’s recommended for people living in or travelling to endemic areas, often a travel requirement.
• Rabies – Rabies, a fatal viral illness, is primarily transmitted through the saliva of infected animals. Prevention centers on vaccination, with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) necessary after possible exposure and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) recommended for individuals with increased risk, such as travellers.
• Hepatitis B – Hepatitis B, a liver infection spread via infected fluids, can be prevented through safe practices and vaccination. The vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies, offering strong and enduring immunity against the virus.
• Meningitis – Meningitis is an inflammation of the brain and spinal cord membranes, often caused by viral or bacterial infections. The meningitis vaccine effectively protects against various types of meningitis, especially bacterial, crucial for preventing serious complications like brain damage or even death.
• Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Measles, mumps, and rubella are infectious diseases that can easily spread. Vaccination remains the primary defense against these threats. The MMR vaccine, with its two-dose regimen, is a reliable way to bolster immunity and reduce the risk of infection and outbreaks.

Proof of yellow fever vaccination is required for entry to Côte d’Ivoire. Travellers are advised to receive the vaccine at least 10 days before arrival in the country. Vaccination is also recommended by the PHAC and WHO to protect travellers from the virus.

Antimalarials are recommended for travellers to all regions of Côte d’Ivoire. Chloroquine resistance is present in the country. Atovaquone, doxycycline, mefloquine and tafenoquine are suggested as antimalarials if travelling to the region. Consult with a travel health specialist on which antimalarial will best fit your needs.

In case of bug bites, cleanse the area, use anti-itch treatments, and resist scratching to prevent infection. Seek medical help for severe reactions or if symptoms of vector-borne diseases emerge post-bite.

When eating abroad, prioritize cooked and hot foods, choose reputable eateries, and practice good hand hygiene. Stick to bottled or sealed beverages, avoid tap water, and enjoy hot drinks or alcohol responsibly. To avoid travellers’ diarrhea, follow these tips: eat well-prepared foods, drink safe water, maintain hand hygiene, consider probiotics, and be selective about local dishes.

• African Sleeping Sickness – In Africa, African Trypanosomiasis can be prevented through wearing long-sleeved clothing, and using insect repellent to reduce the risk of tsetse fly bites, which transmit the parasites causing the disease.
• African Tick-Bite Fever – In sub-Saharan Africa, African Tick-Bite Fever (ATBF) is transmitted by ticks. Stay safe by wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and checking for ticks.
• Dengue – Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne illness with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, including high fever and pain. The PHAC emphasizes prevention through avoiding mosquito bites by using repellents and removing standing water. Treatment focuses on symptom relief and hydration, avoiding certain pain relievers that can worsen bleeding risks.
• Ebola – The Ebola virus spreads via bodily fluids and necessitates preventive measures like vaccination and rigorous hand hygiene. Vaccination is only available within areas with active transmission.
• Lassa Fever – Lassa fever, a viral hemorrhagic fever common in West Africa, is transmitted through rodents and direct human contact. While no vaccine is currently available, prevention relies on good hygiene, food safety, and healthcare workers’ precautions.
• Leishmaniasis – Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease carried by sand flies, poses a substantial health risk. Effective prevention includes protective measures like using insect repellents, wearing long clothing, and avoiding outdoor activities during sand fly peak hours.
• MERS – Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is caused by MERS-CoV and can lead to severe respiratory symptoms. Effective prevention measures include hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected people and camels, and following PHAC travel advice.
• Schistosomiasis – Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection transmitted through contaminated water. Avoiding contact with infected water sources and using protective clothing can reduce the risk of infection. Seeking medical evaluation promptly if symptoms such as fever and fatigue manifest enables timely diagnosis and treatment, preventing complications and promoting recovery.
• Zika – Zika, primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, can have severe consequences, especially for pregnant women. Prevention measures include using repellent, practicing safe sex, and removing mosquito breeding sites.