Travel Vaccines and Advice for Western Sahara
The Western Sahara is a disputed territory in North Africa. It is currently controlled by Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (self-proclaimed) and Morocco.
The Western Sahara is populated by an estimated 267,000 people spanning over 250,000 square kilometres. The major ethnic group of the Western Sahara are the Sahrawis, an Arabic speaking people.
There is no official language or religion, as the territory is still disputed.
Major cities in the Western Sahara include Laayoune, Dhakla, and Smara.
On This Page:
Do I Need Vaccines for Western Sahara?
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Western Sahara
Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Western Sahara?
What Is the Climate Like in Western Sahara?
How Safe Is Western Sahara?
Visit Dakhla in Western Sahara
What Should I Take to Western Sahara?
Canadian Embassy in Western Sahara
Do I Need Vaccines for Western Sahara?
Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Western Sahara. The PHAC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Western Sahara: typhoid, hepatitis A, polio, rabies, hepatitis B, influenza, pneumonia, meningitis, chickenpox, shingles, Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:
- Typhoid –
Food & Water –
Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. - Hepatitis A –
Food & Water –
Recommended for most travellers. - Polio –
Food & Water –
Due to an increase in cases globally, an additional adult booster is recommended for most travellers to any destination. - Rabies –
Saliva of Infected Animals –
High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travellers and those who may come in contact with animals. - Hepatitis B –
Blood & Body Fluids –
Recommended for travellers to most regions. - Influenza –
Airborne –
Vaccine components change annually. - COVID-19 –
Airborne –
Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. - Pneumonia –
Airborne –
Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. - Meningitis –
Direct Contact & Airborne –
Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students. - Chickenpox –
Direct Contact & Airborne –
Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. - Shingles –
Direct Contact –
Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. - Polio –
Food & Water –
Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended. - TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) –
Wounds & Airborne –
Only one adult booster of pertussis required. - Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) –
Various Vectors –
Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.
See the table below for more information:
Recommended Travel Vaccinations for Western Sahara |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Typhoid | Food & Water | Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator. |
| Hepatitis A | Food & Water | Recommended for most travellers. |
| Polio | Food & Water | Due to an increase in cases globally, an additional adult booster is recommended for most travellers to any destination. |
| Rabies | Saliva of Infected Animals | High risk country. Vaccine recommended for long-term travellers and those who may come in contact with animals. |
| Hepatitis B | Blood & Body Fluids | Recommended for travellers to most regions. |
Routine Vaccinations for Western Sahara |
||
| VACCINE | HOW DISEASE SPREADS | DETAILS |
|---|---|---|
| Influenza | Airborne | Vaccine components change annually. |
| COVID-19 | Airborne | Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic. |
| Pneumonia | Airborne | Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both. |
| Meningitis | Direct Contact & Airborne | Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students. |
| Chickenpox | Direct Contact & Airborne | Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox. |
| Shingles | Direct Contact | Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles. |
| TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) | Wounds & Airborne | Only one adult booster of pertussis required. |
| Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) | Various Vectors | Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended. |
Specific Vaccine Information
- Typhoid – Typhoid fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, spreads through contaminated food and water sources. Vaccination is recommended for travellers and those at risk, along with maintaining good hygiene and food safety.
- Hepatitis A – The hepatitis A virus is highly contagious, primarily transmitted through contaminated food, water, or close contact. To prevent infection, practice good hygiene and get vaccinated.
- Rabies – Rabies is a deadly virus transmitted through animal bites, affecting the nervous system. The rabies vaccine, given before or after potential exposure, prevents the virus from developing into active disease. Pre-exposure vaccination is recommended for high-risk groups like travellers, while post-exposure shots are crucial after suspected rabies exposure.
- Hepatitis B – Hepatitis B, a liver infection spread via infected fluids, can be prevented through safe practices and vaccination. The vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies, offering strong and enduring immunity against the virus.
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Measles, mumps, and rubella are highly infectious diseases, emphasizing the importance of vaccination. The MMR vaccine, given in two doses, is the key to personal and public health safety. It strengthens immunity, minimizing the risk of infection, and is a critical component in halting the spread of these contagious viruses.
Malaria is present in the Western Sahara, although the risk for it is relatively low. It is a serious and potentially deadly disease. If you are travelling or if you have returned home and are experiencing a fever. Seek medical help immediately.
Medical facilities are adequate, but some technology may not be available for more serious procedures. Main cities such as Laayoune, Dhakla, and Smara, have hospitals and medical clinics.
To find out more about these vaccines, see our vaccinations page. Ready to travel safely? Book your appointment either call or start booking online now.
Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Western Sahara
Prevent Bug Bites in Western Sahara
Bug bite prevention strategies involve wearing appropriate clothing and utilizing EPA-approved repellents such as DEET or picaridin, as suggested by the PHAC. Stay cautious during peak bug activity periods, clean the affected area, refrain from scratching, and consider over-the-counter remedies while promptly consulting a healthcare professional for severe reactions.
Food and Water Safety in Western Sahara
When travelling, ensure food safety by adhering to PHAC recommendations, which include eating fully cooked foods, avoiding raw seafood, and selecting reputable dining places. Safely drink bottled beverages, avoiding ice in uncertain water sources, and consume alcohol in moderation. Prevent travellers’ diarrhea through hand hygiene and avoiding street food in unsanitary areas.
Infections To Be Aware of in Western Sahara
- Leishmaniasis – Sand fly bites are the main mode of leishmaniasis transmission, but it can spread through other means. Prevention measures include using insect repellents, wearing long clothing, and minimizing outdoor activities during times when sand fly are most active.
- Schistosomiasis – Schistosomiasis, a widespread parasitic disease transmitted through freshwater snails, requires awareness and precautionary actions. Prevention involves refraining from activities in contaminated water and wearing protective clothing. Early recognition of symptoms like fever and seeking medical attention are paramount for timely diagnosis and intervention, minimizing the severity of schistosomiasis-related complications and improving health outcomes.
Do I Need a Visa or Passport for Western Sahara?
The Western Sahara is an unregulated territory, claimed by multiple factions. As such, visa information is not available.
What Is the Climate Like in Western Sahara?
Western Sahara is a mostly arid region with a desert climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and mild winters.
Laayoune experiences hot and dry weather throughout the year. Temperatures averaging around 32 degrees during the summer and 20 during the winter. The city receives very little rainfall, with an average annual precipitation of only around two centimetres.
Dakhla, located in the south of Western Sahara, has a milder climate than Laayoune. Temperatures range from 20 to 25 degrees throughout the year. The city also experiences very little rainfall.
Western Sahara’s climate is characterized by very hot and dry weather, with little rainfall. Travellers visiting the region should be prepared and take appropriate measures to stay cool and hydrated.
How Safe Is Western Sahara?
There is currently a cease-fire between the Moroccan government and the POLISARIO Front. The majority of safety concerns are related to un-exploded landmines from the conflict.
Beware of aggressive theft and harassment (especially if you are a woman). Avoid soccer stadiums and organized protests.
Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crime if a crime should be committed against you.
Visit Dakhla in Western Sahara
Avoid mosquitoes and other bugs
Insect-borne disease are a
threat throughout the world.
Keep the bugs away with
Passport Health’s repellent options!
Dakhla is becoming increasingly popular with tourists due to its unique location and offerings.
The city is known for its beautiful beaches and clear waters, making it a perfect destination for water sports enthusiasts. Kiteboarding and windsurfing are popular. Several schools and rental shops offering equipment and lessons.
Dakhla is also renowned for its seafood, which is caught in traditional Sahrawi and Moroccan styles.
Visitors can explore the desert landscapes that surround the city with guided tours. These tour take them through the dunes and rock formations and to traditional Sahrawi villages.
With its blend of coastal and desert environments, Dakhla offers a unique travel experience.
What Should I Take to Western Sahara?
Here are some essential items to consider for your trip to the Western Sahara:
- Loose fitted clothing
- Hat to protect against the sun
- A scarf to wrap around your face to protect yourself against the sun and sand
- Medicine-over the counter and prescription
- First aid kit
- Clothing for layers to transition between the day and night
- Sunscreen
Canadian Embassy in Western Sahara
If travellers face issues or have concerns while travelling throughout the country, contact or visit the Canadian Embassy.
There is no Canadian embassy in Western Sahara, but it is served by the embassy in Morocco.
Canadian Embassy in Rabat-Souissi
66 Mehdi Ben Barka Avenue, Rabat-Souissi, Morocco
Telephone: 212 (0) 537 54 49 49
Email: rabat@international.gc.ca
If you have any questions about travelling to Western Sahara or are wondering what shots you may need for your trip, schedule an appointment with your local Passport Health travel medicine clinic. Call us at or book online now and protect yourself today.
Customer Reviews
Passport Health – Travel Vaccines for Western Sahara
“I have been coming here since 2016 and am greeted each time by the staff! Now, it was for a trip to Western Sahara. Very professional and friendly. They provide A+ service without fail. I can always count on their knowledge and education. I will continue to come here for travel advice! Great clinic!”
“Excellent experience. Very knowledge rep. Feel I know exactly what I need to do to be totally safe with health and environment during my trip to Western Sahara. I will use this service from here on out.”
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