They say to know your enemy. What better way than to see it in atomic detail? Researchers at the University of Queensland achieved this with the yellow fever virus. They captured high-resolution images showing structural differences between vaccine strains and wild strains.

These maps revealed how the two virus types affect the immune system differently. Yellow fever virus, or YFV, is a deadly mosquito-borne disease. It damages the liver and causes fever, jaundice, and internal bleeding. Severe cases can lead to organ failure and death.

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MIT biological engineers found new targets for a better tuberculosis vaccine. They identified specific antigens that may trigger stronger immune responses. These findings could lead to vaccine candidates that protect more effectively. Tuberculosis remains the world’s deadliest infectious disease.

Researchers conducted a large-scale screen of TB proteins to find potential targets. The screening revealed multiple antigens suitable for new vaccine design. From over 4,000 bacterial proteins, scientists pinpointed several highly immunogenic peptides. These peptides caused powerful reactions from T-cells, which fight infections.

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Long COVID remains a major diagnostic and treatment gap today. Millions of Americans battle severe and persistent symptoms each day.

Recent research shows a hidden change could drive these symptoms. Researchers assessed blood samples from Long COVID patients. They found abnormal changes in microscopic blood structures linked to common symptoms like brain fog and fatigue.

These findings could guide future therapies that address this gap. The study found strong links between these biomarkers and Long COVID. The biomarkers appear connected to thrombo-inflammatory activity in the body.

Thrombo-inflammatory activity involves blood clots triggered by inflammation. Inflammation can develop due to disease and immune responses.

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Exercise offers many proven health benefits for people. A recent study claimed daily walking could increase lifespan by over ten years. New benefits of exercise continue to appear through ongoing research. One new benefit relates to immune system improvement.

Researchers found exercise may improve immune responses to inflammation. Immune cells handled inflammation better when it appeared in the body. The study focused on older adults who used endurance exercise routines. Endurance exercise included running, biking, swimming, rowing, and walking.

Natural killer cells, or NK cells, are white blood cells. They detect and destroy infected, diseased, or mutated cells. NK cells can also help the body fight cancer. These cells showed changes in regularly exercising adults.

NK cells in active adults adapted better to disease threats. They produced lower levels of inflammation during immune responses. They also used energy more efficiently during normal function.

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Many people believe the Black Death spread quickly across Asia. This idea claims the disease raced to Europe at unprecedented speed. Many say this rapid spread created the deadliest outbreak ever recorded. However, the real story of Yersinia pestis transmission is far more complex.

This myth about rapid spread comes from a single medieval poem. Ibn al-Wardi wrote this poem in the 14th century. It was always intended as fiction that described the plague’s emotional impact. Yet it became the foundation for centuries of speculation and misunderstanding.

Ibn al-Wardi’s poem uses a wandering trickster as its framing device. The trickster represents the plague as a roaming, deceptive presence. This literary style shaped how later readers imagined the disease. It was never meant to serve as scientific or historical evidence.

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Tuberculosis bacteria are like pests that burrow underground and vanish. When pesticides hit, they harden into shells and hide in the soil. They look dead, but later, they erupt and devour everything. A quiet field becomes a feeding ground all over again.

New research published in npj Vaccines shows TB uses similar tricks. The bacteria “play dead” to survive attacks from the immune system. After vaccination, TB changes its behavior to escape destruction. It becomes quiet, stops growing, and hides from immune cells.

Later, the bacteria can wake up and spread inside the host. This reactivation can cause lung disease and infect other people. The tactic helps TB remain the world’s deadliest infectious disease. Each year, TB kills around 1.25 million people worldwide.

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The human body, like other organisms, is always fighting to survive. It needs resources and strong defenses to function and stay alive.

New research published in Nature has revealed a hidden messenger. This discovery changes what we know about how the body fights its ongoing battle.

T cells, which help the immune system, were once thought to avoid the brain. Scientists believed they only entered during illness or injury. But the new study found T cells in healthy brains of mice and humans. Researchers located the cells in the subfornical organ, deep in the brain.

This small region helps control hunger, thirst, and other survival needs. T cells here may act as messengers between the gut and the brain. These cells could send real-time signals that shape behavior and appetite. Scientists think they may carry updates on gut health and nutrition.

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Some religious traditions teach that world history began 6,000 years ago. Science does not support this exact timeline. But a major shift in human life did happen at that point: farming and livestock domestication began spreading across Eurasia.

New research in Nature shows that more than crops and animals multiplied. Zoonotic pathogens—diseases from animals—first appeared about 6,500 years ago. These infections surged around 5,000 years ago. The rise of pastoral life helped them spread more easily.

Scientists studied ancient DNA to trace disease over time and space. They analyzed samples from 1,313 individuals across 37,000 years. The microbes came from 136 different genera—bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Of these, 3,384 matched known human pathogens.

Thousands of these diseases had never been seen in ancient remains. This study reveals how microbes changed with human culture. It marks a turning point in the long story of human health.

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Chagas disease acts as an infiltrator, spy, and assassin at different stages in its lifecycle. The parasite hides so well that most people don’t know they’re infected until it’s too late.

Kissing bugs carry the parasite and spread it while people sleep. These insects bite the face, which gave them their name. The parasite enters through wounds when the bug’s feces mix with the bite.

The parasite is a single-celled organism that changes four times. These changes help it survive shifts in acidity, temperature, and nutrients.

Researchers at the University of Cincinnati are trying to stop the parasite’s life cycle. They use gene editing to block the transformations that help it survive.

If the parasite can’t transform, it can’t complete its mission. Its cover is blown, and the host finally detects the enemy within.

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Wisdom tooth extraction is a rite of passage for millions each year. Threatening, inconvenient, and painful, the third molars are often removed and discarded. But new research published in Stem Cell Research & Therapy shows these teeth contain valuable stem cells. These cells may help treat brain, heart, and joint diseases.

Each wisdom tooth holds dental pulp, a soft core filled with stem cells. In lab settings, researchers can turn these cells into nerve, bone, or heart tissue. Remarkably, lab-grown neuron-like cells from wisdom teeth can fire electrical signals. This means they may one day replace damaged brain cells.

Roughly 10 million wisdom teeth are removed in the U.S. each year. Most are thrown away, but they may be a hidden medical resource. New findings suggest these cells could be key to future therapies.

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