Most people know HPV can cause cervical cancer in women. However, many do not realize it also raises cancer risks for men.
A new survey from Ohio State University found widespread misunderstandings about HPV risks. Another study shows a major drop in cervical pre-cancer among likely vaccinated women. This progress follows nearly 20 years of U.S. HPV vaccine recommendations.
Despite this, low vaccination rates could allow preventable cancers to keep rising.
What HPV Misunderstandings Did Researchers Uncover?
The Ohio State University’s study surveyed 1,005 people in early February. Results showed that 45% did not know HPV causes cancers beyond cervical cancer. Additionally, 42% believed HPV is more common in women than men.
In reality, more men have HPV, but only women receive routine screening. This is concerning because men can spread the virus without knowing.
Dr. Electra Paskett, Ph.D., of The Ohio State University College of Medicine, says that HPV misinformation remains widespread. She also told SciTechDaily, “We have a vaccine that lowers HPV risk by up to 90%. This is a powerful tool for cancer prevention.”
The survey further found that 40% believed HPV always causes symptoms. In fact, many people have no symptoms until cancer develops. HPV is linked to tonsil, throat, neck, and genital cancers.
How Can Individuals Protect Themselves from HPV?
Currently, 42 million Americans have HPV. Experts say the best protection is vaccination.
A new study in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report analyzed trends from 2008 to 2022. Researchers found an 80% drop in cervical pre-cancer among women aged 20 to 24. In this group, HPV rates fell between 79% and 89%. Among women aged 25 to 29, rates fell by 37%. This data highlights the strong impact of the U.S. HPV vaccination program.
Women aged 20 to 24 who were screened from 2018 to 2022 were eligible for routine vaccination in 2006. The vaccine works best when given at ages 11 or 12, before sexual activity begins. Some women aged 30 to 34 were vaccinated, but they received it later in life. Researchers expect less impact in this group because they were eligible only for catch-up vaccination. Many were likely exposed to HPV before getting the shot.
The HPV vaccine is now available for adults up to age 45. The CDC estimates it could prevent 90% of cervical cancers. Despite this, only 56.9% of eligible children have been vaccinated. More girls receive the vaccine than boys.
Why is HPV Linked to Cancers?
HPV spreads through sexual contact and childbirth. Around 98% of people are exposed. If the immune system cannot clear the virus, HPV can eventually cause cancer.
Ohio State head and neck surgeon Dr. Matthew Old warned SciTechDaily that HPV-related throat cancers are rising fast. If trends continue, these cancers could become among the most common in men aged 45 to 65.
Oropharyngeal cancer affects the throat, tonsils, and back of the tongue. By 2045, it could be a top three cancer in middle-aged men. In 10 years, it may be the most common cancer in elderly men.
Dr. Old also told SciTechDaily that HPV can take years to turn into cancer. He said no treatments exist for HPV infections. However, many unvaccinated people unknowingly carry and spread high-risk strains.
Conclusion
HPV is a common virus that can lead to several cancers. Vaccination offers the best protection and has already reduced cervical pre-cancer rates. Increasing vaccination rates could prevent thousands of future cancer cases.
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Logan Hamilton is a health and wellness freelance writer for hire. He’s passionate about crafting crystal-clear, captivating, and credible content that elevates brands and establishes trust. When not writing, Logan can be found hiking, sticking his nose in bizarre books, or playing drums in a local rock band. Find him at loganjameshamilton.com.
