Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is like a mutant monster straight out of a science-fiction movie. With each new attack, the creature generates new defenses, becoming harder to kill. Except rather than one giant monster, the creature takes the shape of billions of microbes.
AMR is one of the most pressing issues in global health today. The more antibiotics health professionals use to fight bacteria, the more bacteria resist them. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes AMR as an immediate threat. Recent data shows resistance increasing 5-15% year-over-year. Researchers estimate over 10 million deaths from AMR may occur each year by 2050.
A novel method uses CRISPR technology to take the fight against AMR bacteria to the source. New genetic engineering technology called gene drive can insert new genetic material into a cut site. Researchers already employed this capability to cull insects capable of transmitting diseases. This study’s new tool, pPro-MobV, uses a similar capability to cut off drug resistance from AMR bacteria. Professors Ethan Bier and Justin Meyer of UC San Diego School of Biological Sciences collaborated on the study.
How Does pPro-MobV Work?
Gene drives allow a quick transfer of genetic information to reach an entire population. Someone inviting friends to a party can send an individual message to each friend. But they could also save time by sending targeted messages to a few friends with instructions to pass the message along.
Gene drives are similarly efficient in that they force genes into some members of a population. As a result, it is much more likely that the gene will reach those members’ offspring. The gene reaches an entire population like a targeted group message with instructions.
Professors Bier and Myer applied that logic to the elimination of AMR bacteria in large populations. CRISPR targets bacterial cells to eliminate and replace AMR genetic data. Within a few generations, the targeted gene splicing can remove AMR capabilities in many bacteria.
pPro-MobV spreads AMR elimination genes through reproduction processes in bacteria. Experiments validated this process through the disruption of dense biofilms. Many bacteria collect together to form biofilms, which shield themselves with a polymer layer. Biofilms attach to surfaces, spreading disease and buffering the dispersal of antibiotics. pPro-MobV’s stops bacteria from forming the dense populations that allow for dense biofilms.
Professors Bier and Myer discovered that bacteriophage deployment could spread AMR-neutralized genes quickly. These phages are ancient competitors of bacteria who have natural abilities that overcome their defenses. Genetically engineered phages would deploy the replacement genetic material.
Conclusion
Researchers pioneered a new CRISPR-based method of genetically fighting bacterial resistance. The groundbreaking technology provides a unique tool that actively counters resistant bacteria. With AMR bacteria mounting year-over-year, the finding offers a way to counter their spread.
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Logan Hamilton is a health and wellness freelance writer for hire. He’s passionate about crafting crystal-clear, captivating, and credible content that elevates brands and establishes trust. When not writing, Logan can be found hiking, sticking his nose in bizarre books, or playing drums in a local rock band. Find him at loganjameshamilton.com.
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