Influenza dates back approximately 2,400 years.
First mentions of the virus stretch to the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates. He was first person to accurately describe the virus’s symptoms, which mirrored any other respiratory infection.
As the virus spread, there was a need to name the illness.
Measles is, without a doubt, a fairly scary virus. In 2014, there were just under 200,000 measles cases confirmed by the World Health Organization across the world. That number is about 92 percent less than where it was in 1980, when 2.6 million cases were reported. This decline is attributed to one thing: measles vaccination.
The WHO, Centers for Disease Control, and medical organizations all around the world plead with parents asking them to get their children vaccinated to avoid measles and other deadly diseases. However, despite numerous studies showing that vaccines are safe, some individuals claim that vaccination is unsafe and can cause serious side effects. These voices are generally loud, and involve many Hollywood stars who receive significant international attention despite espousing often ill-informed beliefs.
But, there are some famous and well known individuals who have touching and important stories about the safety and importance of vaccines, beliefs backed by literally hundreds of studies proving that vaccines not only work, but have few to no harmful side effects and will save lives.
Today, few question the legitimacy of a vaccination. Even fewer people consider a time when vaccinations were completely nonexistent. It is bizarre to think we owe our thanks to a cow, a dairymaid, an eight-year old boy, and the doctor who made a connection between them all.
People refer to Dr. Edward Jenner as “the father of immunology”. Immunization was not new, but Jenner was the first to study and document vaccination use. His curious experiment has saved an innumerable amount of human lives.
Smallpox was the greatest killer of Jenner’s time. In its most common form, the virus killed about 30% of those who caught it. It was the most feared disease that reached every part of society – even royalty suffered from it.
Smallpox is a virus that causes flu-like symptoms later accompanied by raised pink spots that grow over time. The spots cover the entire body. If the victim recovers, the blisters will shrivel up and fall off. They often leave behind sunken scars.
A similar but far less deadly disease than smallpox, is cowpox. This virus, which originates from cows, can transfer from animals to humans. It wasn’t uncommon for dairymaids to experience the mild infection. They would feel run down for a couple of days and develop some pocks, usually on their hands. Other than this, the sickness was harmless and did not cause any concern.
At the young age of thirteen, Jenner was an apprentice to a country surgeon. During his apprenticeship he overheard a dairymaid working nearby say, “I shall never have smallpox for I have had cowpox. I shall never have an ugly pockmarked face.”
Jenner took note of dairymaids’ natural immunity to smallpox. Many believed that those who had contracted cowpox were immune to smallpox.
Years later in 1796, a dairymaid consulted Jenner about a rash on her hand. Seeing the mildness of the infection, he diagnosed her with cowpox. She later verified to him that one of the cows she was working with recently had cowpox. Jenner saw this as his golden opportunity to prove the disease’s protection from smallpox.
To test his hypothesis, Jenner needed someone who never contracted cowpox or smallpox before. His gardener’s eight-year old son served as a perfect candidate. Jenner collected drops of fluid from the sores on the dairymaid’s hands and injected a small amount into the healthy boy’s arm. The boy became mildly ill with the cowpox infection, but recovered about a week later.
Two months later, Jenner injected some fluid from a smallpox sore into the young boy. As Jenner expected, the boy never became sick. To confirm his findings, Jenner continued to test the boy’s immunity. Hi various experiments all proved his hypothesis correct.
Jenner soon coined the word “vaccination”, of which the root word is derived from the Latin word “vacca”, meaning cow. Jenner published his research and discoveries, excited to share his success with the world.
Despite the success of Jenner’s techniques and findings, he faced opposition from others in the medical field. One of the criticisms was that cowpox wasn’t common. It was usually found in rural areas with farms having cows and dairymaids. This meant many doctors would have to get the vaccine from Jenner.
Edward Jenner continued to attempt to win approval as well as spread his new vaccine to the world. He came up with new, easy ways to have the cowpox matter widely transported. He was successful in his commitment to his scientific discovery.
Jenner’s work helped eradicate smallpox. Samples of the virus only exists in two labs permitted and trusted to secure it.
Jenner himself laid the foundation of vaccination as we know it today.
To learn more about the various vaccines that have been made since Jenner’s development, see our main vaccinations page.
Passport Health specializes in travel medicine, to schedule an appointment for your upcoming trip call or book online now.
How do you feel about Dr. Edward Jenner’s experiments? If you were living during his time, would you agree with his testing on an eight-year old boy? Leave your comments below, on Facebook, or via Twitter.
During this time of great uncertainty, we’re all worried about how to keep ourselves and our family safe.
There’s still a lot to learn about coronavirus (COVID-19) and it’s long-term effects on the world. While companies around the world are working on vaccinations and making progress, you may be wondering how to stay safe from the virus.
But, even if there isn’t a vaccine to work with, there are certain and proven steps that we can take to keep ourselves and our loved ones safe from viruses.
Traveling can spark fears over germs at the best of times. But, taking a trip during a major outbreak undoubtedly adds new gravitas to concerns, especially during something as serious as a pandemic.
You may find yourself asking questions like “Should I cancel my flight?”, “How can I stay safe?” and “Where can I get reliable information?”
While minimizing travel may be ideal, it’s not always possible. So, here are a few important tips for traveling to a region in the middle of a viral outbreak:
On March 11, the World Health Organization announced that coronavirus (COVID-19) is officially a pandemic.
For months, countries around the world had already been taking action against the virus. Increased cases led to mass quarantines and more testing.
But, the decision from the WHO is rare, even for a disease that’s spread worldwide. The world’s last official pandemic was in 2009, caused by the H1N1 swine flu.
With the entire globe now working to slow the COVID-19 pandemic, what does that term mean?
So often in everyday conversations, you hear the words “virus” and “bacteria” used interchangeably, but they’re not the same thing.
In fact, it’s important to know the difference between the two because treatment and prevention differ for each. It’s key to recognize these differences and know if something is a virus or a disease.
Is it okay to travel if I feel sick? Many people are asking this question, or if they should be traveling at all due to the recent global outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19).
Depending on who you ask, people are going to have different opinions on this question. Although, the real answer depends on how sick you are.
Although it’s not ideal to travel while sick, sometimes you have to. Maybe you have to get home or need to hope on a plane for work. Or you can’t get a refund for a trip and simply can’t afford not to go.
Whatever the reason, most people like to try and travel, even if they’re not feeling the best. But is this safe?
This July, the 2020 Summer Olympics are heading to Tokyo.
Millions of athletes, fans, and tourists are planning to come to Tokyo from nearly every country in the world to participate in the games and celebrate culture. With such a large amount of people gathering in one place, it’s important to always keep yourself safe and keep yourself healthy.
This year, the world is focusing on the olympics for a different reason: coronavirus. This global epidemic is raising the question: will the Olympics even happen?
If the answer remains yes, it will be important for everyone traveling to Tokyo to be prepared and safe.
According to the CDC, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a safe and very effective vaccination that protects against diseases when it’s given at the proper ages.
HPV is the most common sexually transmitted disease. According to the CDC, 79 million Americans are infected with HPV, most of which are in their late teens and early twenties.
There are over 100 strains of HPV and each can cause other health complications. While the low-risk strains can cause genital warts, high-risk HPV can lead to cancer.
